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what lobbies have given money to the libertarian party

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Charles G. and David H. Koch and their activities in U.s.a. politics

The political activities of the Koch brothers include the financial and political influence of Charles G. and David H. Koch (1940–2019) on United states politics. This influence is seen both directly and indirectly via various political and public policy organizations that were supported past the Koch brothers.[1] [2] [3] [4]

The Koch brothers are the sons of Fred C. Koch (1900–1967), who founded Koch Industries, the 2nd-largest privately held company in the United States, of which they own 84% of the stock.[five] Having bought out ii other brothers' interests, they remain in control of the family business organisation, the fortune which they inherited from their male parent, and the Koch family foundations.

The brothers have fabricated pregnant financial contributions to both libertarian and conservative think tanks and, despite being ideologically libertarian,[6] [7] they have donated primarily to Republican Party candidates running for role.[8] According to writer Eric Blackness, this funding doesn't stem from "a change of heart, only one of tactics" since libertarianism "was costly and could be bad for the family business long term.[8] David Koch who has described himself as a social liberal, had stated in 2012 that" I think the Republican Political party has a cracking chance of being successful and that's why I support it [...] The Libertarian Party is a great concept. I love the ethics, but it got too far off the deep stop, and so I dropped out".[8] A network of like-minded donors organized by the Kochs pledged to spend $889 million from 2009–2016 and its infrastructure has been said by Political leader to rival "that of the Republican National Committee."[9] They actively fund and support organizations that contribute significantly to Republican candidates, and in particular that entrance hall against efforts to expand regime'south part in wellness care and climate change mitigation[10] or promote climatic change denial.[eleven] [12] [13] [14] [15] By 2010, they had donated more than than $100 meg to dozens of free-market and advocacy organizations.[x]

In May 2019, the Kochs announced a major restructuring of their philanthropic efforts, stating that the Koch network volition henceforth operate under the umbrella of Stand Together, a nonprofit focused on supporting community groups. The stated priorities of the restructured Koch network include efforts aimed at increasing employment, addressing poverty and addiction, ensuring excellent educational activity, building a stronger economy, and bridging divides and building respect.[xvi]

Groundwork [edit]

The phrase "Koch brothers" generally refers to the sons of Fred C. Koch.[17] [xviii] [nineteen] [xx] The most politically active sons were Charles Koch and David H. Koch who bought out their brothers Frederick and Pecker in 1983.[21]

David H. Koch was the Libertarian Party's vice-presidential candidate in 1980.[22] He advocated the abolition of Social Security, the FBI, the CIA, and public schools.[23] [24] Koch put $500,000 of his own money into the race,[24] and he and Ed Clark, his presidential running mate, won 1.1% of the vote.[25] The experience of running for function acquired David Koch to change course: "I had enough ... [Due west]eastward are not a nation that debates issues. We vote on candidates' personalities." By 1984, David had parted company with the Libertarian Party, because, he said, "they nominated a ticket I wasn't happy with" and "so many of the hard-cadre Libertarian ideas are unrealistic."[24]

David Koch had voiced support for same-sex marriage and U.S. armed forces withdrawal from the Middle East. He had also stated that the government should consider defense spending cuts and taxation increases to residual the budget.[26]

Interested in maintaining their discreet influence, Charles and David donate to non-profit groups who do not disclose their donors.[27]

Charles Koch funds and supports libertarian organizations such as the Cato Constitute,[28] which he co-founded with Edward H. Crane and Murray Rothbard in 1977,[29] and is a lath member at the Mercatus Middle, a market-oriented research call up tank at George Mason University. Charles Koch supported his brother's candidacy for Vice President on the Libertarian Political party ticket in 1980.[10] After the bid, Charles told a reporter that conventional politics "tends to be a nasty, corrupting business ... I'm interested in advancing libertarian ideas".[10] In addition to funding think tanks, the brothers back up libertarian academics;[30] since 1992, Charles has funded the Charles Grand. Koch Summertime Swain Program through the Institute for Humane Studies, which mentors young, cocky-described libertarians.[31]

For the brothers, promoting the ideal of economic freedom is essential to society'south well-being.[32]

Political activeness [edit]

Koch Industries describes itself equally being committed to free societies and free market principles and equally supporting those who champion these things.[33]

In 2014, Charles Koch wrote an op-ed for The Wall Street Journal, describing his agenda.[34] Koch wrote that "our critics would accept you believe we're un-American" and trying to "rig the organization," and described his pursuit of "the principles of a free society." He described his opponents every bit "Collectivists" who promise "heaven simply deliver hell." Senator Jerry Moran (R-Kansas) placed the article into the Congressional Record.[35]

Political contributions [edit]

In 2008, the iii main Koch family foundations contributed to 34 political and policy organizations, three of which they founded, and several of which they directed.[10] Every bit of 2011, Koch Industries' political action committee had donated more than $ii.half-dozen 1000000 to candidates.[36] The Koch brothers support primarily Republican candidates and in 2010 they supported California Suggestion 23, which would have suspended the state'southward Global Warming Solutions Deed of 2006.[37] [38] [39] [forty] The brothers pledged to donate $60 1000000 in the 2012 ballot season to defeat President Barack Obama.[41] [42] According to OpenSecrets, of $274 meg in anonymous 2012 contributions, at least $86 one thousand thousand is "attributed to donor groups in the Koch network".[43] [44]

Governor Scott Walker contributions [edit]

According to Mother Jones, Koch Industries' Political Activeness Committee (PAC) contributed the second largest donation to Scott Walker'due south 2010 campaign for governor of Wisconsin. Information technology donated $43,000, second in size only to PAC donations of $43,125 from both the Wisconsin realtors and the Wisconsin dwelling house builders.[36] [45] That contribution amounted to less than 0.5% of Walker's campaign full[46] because of the limits placed on campaign contributions.[45] Most back up for Walker was in the class of expenditures estimated at $3 one thousand thousand from Americans for Prosperity (AFP).[47] Due to Koch's contribution to Walker'southward campaign, David Koch became a symbolic target for the protests.[46]

According to the Palm Beach Post, David Koch has been active in Wisconsin politics. Americans for Prosperity reportedly spent $700,000 on ads supporting Governor Scott Walker's changes to collective bargaining.[48] [49]

Mitt Romney presidential candidacy [edit]

In July 2012, David H. Koch hosted a $fifty,000-a-person ($75,000 a couple) fundraising dinner for 2012 Republican Party Presidential candidate Paw Romney, which was the subject area of liberal and progressive protests.[27] [l] [51] [52] Koch Industries cited the protests an example of what they see as liberal hypocrisy regarding fundraising equally these same groups don't protest big money donations for Democratic fundraisers.[53] William Koch, the younger brother of Charles and David, gave $1 million to Restore Our Future, a super-PAC backing Romney.[27] During the 2008 presidential race, David Koch donated $2,300 to Romney.[27]

2016 elections and President Donald Trump [edit]

A grouping associated with the Kochs appear plans to enhance $889 million leading up to the 2016 elections.[54] [55] [56] Afterwards the Republican primary, they decided to not donate to Trump's entrada at all, instead focusing on the Congress and Senate races.[57] Charles Koch criticized Trump's Muslim travel ban suggestions during the campaign and said "it'southward possible" that Hillary Clinton could be a ameliorate president, although strongly denied rumours that he would actually support Clinton.[58] [59] In June 2018, the Kochs backed a multimillion-dollar campaign organized by three pro-free trade political groups to oppose the Trump tariffs.[60]

Organizations [edit]

The Koch Network [edit]

Chart showing the flow of money among a network of politically active nonprofits associated with the Koch Brothers

As of mid 2018, the chief "lieutenants" of Charles and David Koch have encouraged media to refer to the "Koch network" rather than the "Koch brothers" in their reporting. The network was founded by Charles and David Koch and is fabricated up of "several hundred" (another gauge is most 500)[61] donors who pay a minimum of $100,000 each year, and work to influence American life in a bourgeois management.[62] The network has been chosen "one of the nation'due south most influential political forces",[61] "a shadow party, consummate with its ain field offices and national voter database". In the 2 years upwards to 2018 it is estimated to have spent $400 million on "policy and politics", and "millions more than on educational and philanthropic initiatives".[63] The network meets twice a year at invitation-only summits,[61] [64] where a seminar is held promoting the political views of the brothers.[65] Although the network is said to have "secretive ranks", information technology is suspected that members include the founders of many large firms — "everything from Citadel to Franzia vino".

David Koch left the network in June 2018 due to ill health, and when Charles Koch (83) steps downward equally head of the network, it is "widely expected" that his son, Hunt Koch, will take over (with aid by "several longtime Koch aides"), and that Hunt may turn the focus of the network abroad from partisan politics.

Network seminars [edit]

An instance of a seminar at the network gatherings was i entitled "Understanding and Addressing Threats to American Free Enterprise and Prosperity", at the June 2010 event in Aspen, Colorado. The meeting invitation stated that "[our] prosperity is nether attack past the current [i.due east. the Obama] Administration and many of our elected officials" and "we cannot rely on politicians to [defend our costless society], so it is up to us to combat what is now the greatest assault on American freedom and prosperity in our lifetimes".[66] The seminar plan indicated that by meetings have featured speakers including Supreme Court Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas; Governors Bobby Jindal and Haley Barbour; commentators John Stossel, Charles Krauthammer, Glenn Beck, and Rush Limbaugh; Senators Jim DeMint and Tom Coburn; and Representatives Paul Ryan, Mike Pence, and Tom Price.[67] Some presentations at the gatherings are restricted. Guests may be required to give up their prison cell phones, media presence limited to only "a handful" of organizations, and photos and videos "strictly prohibited".[61]

Bear upon [edit]

I 1997 report by the National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy[68] identified twelve American foundations which accept had a key influence on U.S. public policy since the 1960s via their support for the Heritage Foundation, the American Enterprise Institute and the Cato Institute.[69] Three of these are Koch Family Foundations (the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, the Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, and the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation).[70]

Family foundations [edit]

The Koch family foundations began in 1953 with the institution of the Fred C. and Mary R. Koch Foundation.[71] In 1980, Charles Koch established the Charles Chiliad. Koch Charitable Foundation, with the stated purpose of advancing social progress and well-beingness through the development, awarding and broadcasting of "the Science of Liberty". David Koch established the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation.[72] The two brothers' foundations take provided an estimated $1.v billion to a diversity of causes and institutions including public television, medical research, higher education, environmental stewardship, criminal justice reform and the arts.[72] [73]

Charles Koch and his wife were trustees of the Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, equally directed by Claude R. Lambe.[74] The foundation distributed more than $27 million of its assets between 1997 and 2009.[75] The Claude. R. Lambe Charitable Foundation was formally dissolved in 2013.[76]

Retrieve tanks and political organizations [edit]

Charles and David Koch have been involved in, and take provided funding to, a number of other retrieve tanks and public policy organizations: They provided the initial funding for the Cato Institute, they are primal donors to the Federalist Social club,[77] and they too support, or are members of, the Mercatus Center,[78] the Plant for Humane Studies,[78] the Institute for Justice,[79] the Institute for Free energy Research,[80] the Heritage Foundation,[81] the Manhattan Institute,[81] the Reason Foundation,[78] the George C. Marshall Institute,[82] the American Enterprise Institute,[82] and the Fraser Constitute,[83] [84] and the Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust.[85] [86] As of 2015, David Koch sits on the board of directors of the Cato Institute,[87] the Reason Foundation and the Aspen Institute.[88] A 2013 written report by OpenSecrets said that nonprofit groups backed by a donor network organized by Charles and David Koch raised more than $400 million in the 2011–2012 election bike.[80]

Citizens for a Audio Economic system [edit]

Citizens for a Sound Economy was co-founded by David Koch in the 1980s.[77] According to the Center for Public Integrity, the Koch Brothers donated a total of $7.9 one thousand thousand between 1986 and 1993.[10] In 1990, the brothers created the spinoff group Citizens for the Environment.[x] In 2004, Citizens for a Sound Economy was renamed FreedomWorks, while its affiliated Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation became Americans for Prosperity (AFP). Since then the Koch brothers have given more than one million dollars to AFP.[10] [77] [89]

Americans for Prosperity [edit]

The Americans for Prosperity Foundation is the Koch brothers' main political advocacy group.[90] [91] [92] [93] David Koch was the peak initial funder of the Americans for Prosperity Foundation.[94] [95] At AFP's 2009 annual top coming together, David Koch said "Five years ago, my brother Charles and I provided the funds to start the Americans for Prosperity, and it's beyond my wildest dreams how AFP has grown into this enormous organisation."[89] [96] [97] AFP is the political arm of the Americans for Prosperity Foundation, for which David Koch serves as chairman of the Board of Trustees.[77] [88] [98] [99]

Americans for Prosperity created Patients United Now, which advocated confronting a single-payer health care system during the 2009-2010 healthcare reform debate. Both FreedomWorks and Americans for Prosperity have provided support for the Tea Party motility.[100] [101] AFP spent $45 million in the 2010 election.[102]

Cato Institute [edit]

The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as the Charles Koch Foundation in 1974 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch. Following the 2011 decease of William Niskanen, the chairman of the Cato Institute, Charles and David Koch reportedly made an try to procure the shares of that constitute held by Niskanen's widow, "arguing that they were not hers to hold".[103] Their efforts were criticized past some at the institute, including the institute'due south president Ed Crane, who in an email to staff stated that the Kochs were "in the process of trying to take over the Cato Establish. The brothers issued a statement denying whatsoever wrongdoing and stated they "never asserted that Cato should be direct past, or at the whim of, whatsoever other organisation, or that they should aspire to advocate the way AFP does.[104] [105] In June 2012, Cato and the brothers reached an agreement. Crane stepped downward and was replaced past John A. Allison 4; the Kochs withdrew two lawsuits.[106]

Freedom Partners [edit]

Freedom Partners gave grants worth a total of $236 million to bourgeois organizations, groups similar the Tea Party Patriots and organizations which opposed the Affordable Care Deed prior to the 2012 election. Freedom Partners financed the socially bourgeois group Concerned Women for America, a leading opponent of same-sex marriage in the United States [107] A majority of Freedom Partners board of directors is made upwardly of long-time employees of the Koch brothers.[108] [109] [110]

Other groups [edit]

The Kochs donated more than than $17 million between 1997 and 2008 to various groups including the Competitive Enterprise Institute. It describes itself as offering information on bug including, among others, energy, environment, biotechnology, pharmaceutical regulation, chemical risk, telecommunications, etc.[111]

The Kochs have supported Generation Opportunity, a youth mobilization effort.[112]

The Kochs have donated millions of dollars via organizations they fund to the National Federation of Independent Business organisation. In 2013 "NFIB and its affiliated groups received $2.five million from Freedom Partners Bedchamber of Commerce, a bourgeois advocacy group with deep ties to the Koch empire. Of the five men that sit on the group's board, 4 are current or former employees of Koch companies and one is a friend of Charles Koch's."[113]

Educational grants [edit]

The Charles Koch Foundation (and in the case of Kansas schools, the Fred and Mary Koch Foundation) provides grants as of 2013, to near 270 U.S. colleges and universities for "projects that explore how the principles of free enterprise and classical liberalism promote a more peaceful and prosperous society".[114]

In 2011, the Charles Grand. Koch foundation made a grant of $1.5 one thousand thousand to Florida Country University (FSU) in substitution for allowing the foundation, via an advisory commission,[115] to approve hiring decisions in the university'southward economics department for a programme that promotes "political economy and free enterprise". The FSU student senate introduced a resolution protesting the Koch's "undue influence on academics every bit established past the current agreement between the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation and the FSU Economics department."[116] In response, John Hardin, who is a program officer with the Charles Koch Foundation, stated that, "when nosotros back up a school's initiative, it is to expand opportunity and increment the diversity of ideas available on campus."[117]

In 2014, the brothers made a $25 million grant to the United Negro College Fund.[118] After the fund'south president also appeared at a summit held by the brothers, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, a major labor spousal relationship, providing $50,000 annually ended its back up for the fund in protest.[119]

Problems and policy [edit]

Development [edit]

In 2009 David Koch gave the Smithsonian Institution $xv million for the purpose of edifice a hall covering half dozen million years of human evolution. He has given the American Museum of Natural History $20 million and the Smithsonian $35 million to build dinosaur halls.[120]

Climate alter and use of fossil fuels [edit]

The Koch brothers accept played an agile role in opposing climate change legislation. A study from the Investigative Reporting Workshop at American University reported that "[I]north 2011 and 2012, Koch Industries Public Sector LLC, the lobbying arm of Koch Industries, advocated for the Energy Tax Prevention Act, which would take rolled back the Supreme Court'due south ruling that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) could regulate greenhouse gases."[121] [122]

In his investigative book, Kochland: The Hole-and-corner History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America,[123] the American announcer Christopher Leonard describes how Koch Industries massively increased their lobbying efforts in Washington, D.C. during the presidency of Barack Obama in order to fight against enactment of a regime regulatory system of cap and trade that was intended to control and reduce pollution as a tool of environmental policy.[124]

The Koch Foundation is a major funder of the Berkeley World Surface Temperature projection, an effort to address the criticism of records of the world's surface temperatures. Two of the project'southward 7 scientists are seen as climate change skeptics by many in the climate science world.[125] In an article nigh the Berkeley Globe Surface Temperature study (Chair Richard A. Muller), Los Angeles Times reporter Margot Roosevelt chosen the Koch Brothers "the nation's well-nigh prominent funders of efforts to prevent curbs on fossil-fuel burning".[126] UC Berkeley physicist Richard A. Muller initially ended that global warming climate data was flawed, but later reversed his views, supporting scientific consensus.[127] [128]

The Charles G. Koch Foundation gave the Smithsonian Establishment two grants totaling $175,000 in 2005/6 and once more in 2010 to back up inquiry of climate change denier Willie Before long. Shortly has stated that he has "never been motivated past financial advantage in any of my scientific research".[129] The foundation helped finance a 2007 analysis suggesting that climatic change was not a threat to the survival of polar bears,[130] which was questioned past other researchers.[131]

Co-ordinate to the environmentalist group Greenpeace, organizations that the Koch brothers help fund such as Americans for Prosperity, the Heritage Foundation, the Cato institute, and the Manhattan Institute have been active in questioning global warming.[132] Through Americans for Prosperity, the Koch brothers influenced more than than 400 members of Congress to sign a pledge to vote against climatic change legislation that does not include equivalent tax cuts.[121] [133] [134] [135]

In 2010, Koch Industries supported efforts to ringlet dorsum emission regulations in California.[136] [137]

The Koch brothers' Lambe Foundation has donated to the American Free energy Alliance, an adjunct of the Institute for Energy Enquiry.[138]

In January 2011, Rolling Rock magazine included the Koch brothers on its listing of the top twelve people blocking progress on global warming.[139]

In March 2015, the general counsel of Koch Industries, in a alphabetic character responding to a request from three Senate Democrats, wrote that "The activity efforts about which you inquire, and Koch's involvement, if any, in them, are at the cadre of the fundamental liberties protected by the Offset Amendment to the U.s.a. Constitution", and declined to cooperate with the senators' inquiry into the funding of researchers skeptical of climate alter.[140] [141]

The Kochs take besides funded efforts to stop the growth of solar power.[142] [143]

Gay rights [edit]

David Koch supports gay spousal relationship; in 2015 signed an amicus curiae in the DeBoer v. Snyder case which supported same-sex couples constitutional right to ally.[144]

Abortion [edit]

David Koch is pro-option.[6]

Veterans' affairs [edit]

The Koch network funds the nonprofit group Concerned Veterans for America.[145] [146] [147]

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Human action [edit]

Koch brothers-funded groups including Americans for Prosperity, Pacific Research Institute, Centre to Protect Patient Rights, and Generation Opportunity opposed the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Intendance Human activity (PPACA) commonly called Obamacare, favoring a free-market approach.[148] [149]

Koch brothers-funded Americans for Prosperity and Generation Opportunity[150] ran more than $3 million worth of advertisements opposing the Affordable Intendance Deed, including a serial of ads in which Uncle Sam was depicted as a "creepy" doc. The ads are directed at women and young adults, and are designed to "undermine conviction"[151] and to dissuade younger people from enrolling in health intendance coverage through exchanges which opened October 1, 2013.[148] [152] [153] In October 2013, the Americans for Prosperity group began a entrada to oppose "Obamacare" in the state of Virginia.[154]

Criminal justice reform [edit]

The Koch brothers have advocated reform of the Usa' criminal justice system. In 2011, Koch Industries received a "Defender of Justice award" from the National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers in recognition of their financial support for providing depression-income defendants with competent legal representation.[155]

The Kochs stepped up their piece of work on the event in 2015, partnering with left-leaning groups to promote reforms to reduce incarceration in the Us. The Kochs aligned with President Barack Obama in heading criminal justice reform, citing poor weather and an outdated organization.[156] In addition to the president, the Kochs have partnered with groups such as the ACLU, the Eye for American Progress, Families Against Mandatory Minimums, the Coalition for Public Rubber, and the MacArthur Foundation.[155] [156] The Kochs, along with their partners, seek to aid those suffering from systemic overcriminalization and overincarceration, who are more often than not from depression-income and minority communities. Some other goal for the Kochs' criminal justice reforms is to reduce recidivism and diminish barriers faced by rehabilitated citizens seeking reintroduction into the work force and society.[157] [158] The Kochs and the ACLU are besides invested in putting an terminate to Asset forfeiture by police force enforcement, which deprives persons of often the bulk of their private property.[159]

In July 2015, after the rare testify of bipartisanship, President Obama praised the Kochs' work on the effect.[160] Similarly, civil rights activist Anthony Van Jones lent a comparable praise towards the Kochs' actions.[157] Although critics have called the declaration a public relations stunt on behalf of the Kochs in the midst of media attacks, several media outlets noted that Charles Koch had been making substantial donations for criminal justice reform for almost a decade before the news was made public.[155] [156]

Amidst the reforms are a push for further mens rea requirements, significant criminal intent must be proven to establish error. The Justice Section noted that some white-collar crimes, including nutrient safety violations and corporate pollution, would become more hard to prosecute. Yet, the Justice Department has been accused[ by whom? ] of over-criminalizing persons who take committed small infractions without intent or even noesis of the law. In essence, the reforms could potentially overturn Ignorantia juris non excusat statutes.[161]

In early on 2018, the Koch network continued its mission to "promote criminal justice reform and anti-recidivism programs" through discussions with the Section of Justice in Washington, and initiatives like the Safe Streets and 2d changes program.[162] [163] While many see Attorney General Jeff Sessions as a potential roadblock to the Koch networks goal of broader criminal justice reform in the United States, Mark Holden, vice president and general counsel for Koch Industries, notes that they are making in roads with the Attorney General, starting with prison reform.[164] [165]

The Koch network, at their 2018 coming together the launch of Safe Streets and Second Chances, announced a $4 million pilot project designed to shift the American criminal justice system from punishment to prioritizing rehabilitation.[166] The initiative, led by Koch Industries in conjunction with the Texas Public Policy Foundation and Right on Crime, will launch in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, and Pennsylvania.[167] Researchers will develop "individualized re-entry" plans for over i,000 participants at 8 sites and and so analyze the results.[163] [168]

COVID-19 [edit]

The Koch-funded American Institute for Economic Research sponsored the Great Barrington Annunciation, a statement that advocates an alternative, risk-based arroyo to the COVID-19 pandemic that involves "Focused Protection" of those about at hazard and seeks to avoid or minimize the societal impairment of the COVID-19 lockdowns.[169] [170] [171] [172] [173]

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the Koch network funded several inquiry projects that expressed support for lockdowns and similar Not-pharmaceutical intervention (epidemiology) policies. In March 2020 the Koch-funded Mercatus Center at George Bricklayer Academy awarded an Emergent Ventures grant to Neil Thou. Ferguson of Imperial College London for "good policy thinking" in support of his Covid-nineteen epidemiological model.[174] [175] Ferguson's model proved highly influential in inducing public health officials to adopt lockdown policies worldwide.[176] A grant from the Charles Koch Foundation funded a National Agency of Economic Research study finding that California'south shelter-in-place style lockdown policy "led to as many as 1,661 fewer COVID-19 deaths" in the spring of 2020.[177] A Koch Foundation grant supported a report by the IZA Institute of Labor Economics, attributing a Superspreader event to the lack of social distancing at the August 2020 Sturgis Motorbike Rally.[178] The Koch Foundation similarly funded a set of studies past faculty at Bowling Light-green State University, arguing that political opposition to lockdowns and non-compliance with lockdown measures were explained by "libertarian and neoliberal elements inside Christian nationalism" and "xenophobic" behavior inside these groups.[179] [180]

Clearing [edit]

In early 2018, the network announced its plans to encourage immigration reform, including legal paths to citizenship for DACA recipients and reforms to the existing visa lottery plan.[165]

Response to Harry Reid [edit]

In 2014, Koch Companies Public Sector CEO Philip Ellender responded to comments that Democrat Harry Reid made on the floor of the Senate, when he said that the Koch brothers were trying to "purchase the country". In a statement, Philip Ellender, the president and master operating officeholder at Koch Companies Public Sector said "Sen. Reid's divisive remarks were not but disrespectful and beneath the office he holds, they were indicative of what lengths he and his Democratic allies will become to eliminate and silence their political opposition."[181]

Jane Mayer article in The New Yorker [edit]

Co-ordinate to Mayer: "The Koch brothers are known for their strongly conservative politics and for their efforts to finance a network of advocacy groups whose goal is to move the land to the right."[182]

Conor Friedersdorf wrote for The Atlantic 's "Daily Dish" that, while he respected Mayer, "as all-time I can tell, the Koch brothers are legitimately upset by some aspects of the piece, and anyone who reads it should too look at the rebuttals from libertarians who are persuasively pushing back against some of its conclusions."[183]

A Koch Industries visitor spokesperson issued a statement proverb "No funding has been provided by Koch companies, the Koch foundation, or Charles Koch or David Koch specifically to support the tea parties".[10] Koch Industries posted a respond on its website. It acknowledged funding libertarian and conservative causes,[184] merely stated there were inaccuracies and distortions in Mayer's article, and that she failed to identify declared conflicts of interest on the part of several persons whom she quoted.[185]

See also [edit]

  • Campaign finance in the United States
  • Denizen Koch, 2013 documentary film
  • Koch Brothers Exposed, a documentary moving picture virtually the political activities of the Koch brothers
  • KochPAC, the Koch Industries Inc Political Action committee
  • Political finance
  • Climatic change

References [edit]

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  2. ^ Confessore, Nicholas (January 26, 2015). "Koch Brothers' Budget of $889 Million for 2016 Is on Par With Both Parties' Spending". New York Times . Retrieved December four, 2015.
  3. ^ Schulman, Daniel (May twenty, 2014). "Koch vs. Koch: The Brutal Battle That Tore Apart America's Most Powerful Family". Mother Jones . Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  4. ^ Dryzek, John Southward.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. OUP Oxford. ISBN978-0199566600.
  5. ^ Fisher, Daniel (December 5, 2012). "Inside The Koch Empire: How The Brothers Program To Reshape America". Forbes . Retrieved December fifteen, 2013.
  6. ^ a b Fischer, Sara (December 14, 2014). "David Koch is pro-selection, supports gay rights; simply not Democrats | CNN Politics". CNN . Retrieved March 23, 2022. I'm basically a libertarian. And I'm a conservative on economic matters and I'm a social liberal" [...] Koch, who supports gay rights and women's correct to choose, said if candidates he gives to don't share those ideals, "That'southward their problem. I do have those views." [...] "I'm really focused intensely on economic and financial issues, because if those go bad the state as a whole suffers terribly.
  7. ^ Belkin, Douglas (November thirteen, 2020). "Charles Koch Says His Partisanship Was a Fault". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved March 23, 2022. At 85, the libertarian tycoon who spent decades funding conservative causes says he wants a final act building bridges across political divides.
  8. ^ a b c Black, Eric (May 19, 2014). "Movement from Libertarian Party to GOP: Koch brothers change tactics, not beliefs". www.minnpost.com . Retrieved May 19, 2014.
  9. ^ Vogel, Kenneth P. (October 27, 2016). "Behind the retreat of the Koch brothers' performance". politico.com . Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f grand h i Mayer, Jane (August 30, 2010). "Covert Operations: The billionaire brothers who are waging a war confronting Obama". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications.
  11. ^ Farrell, Justin (Jan 5, 2016). "Corporate funding and ideological polarization nearly climate change". Proceedings of the National University of Sciences. 113 (i): 92–97. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113...92F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1509433112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC4711825. PMID 26598653.
  12. ^ Climate, Douglas Fischer,The Daily. ""Dark Money" Funds Climate Change Deprival Attempt". Scientific American.
  13. ^ Holthaus, Eric (December 1, 2015). "Researchers: Exxon, Koch Family unit Take Powered the Climate-Denial Auto for Decades". Slate Magazine.
  14. ^ "Perhaps Charles Koch isn't worried well-nigh climate change because he doesn't go the science". The Guardian. August 7, 2015.
  15. ^ "Not just Koch brothers: New study reveals funders backside climate change denial effort". ScienceDaily.
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  17. ^ Davis, Jonathan T. (1997). Forbes Richest People: The Forbes Annual Profile of the World's Wealthiest Men and Women. Wiley. p. 138. ISBN978-0471177517. Founding member (1958) John Birch Society  – reportedly after seeing Russian friends liquidated
  18. ^ Hoover's 500: Profiles of America's Largest Concern Enterprises. Hoover's Business Printing. 1996. p. 286. ISBN978-1573110099. In 1929 Koch took his process to the Soviet Union, merely he grew disenchanted with Stalinism and returned dwelling to become a founding fellow member of the anticommunist John Birch Order.
  19. ^ Wayne, Leslie (Dec vii, 1986). "Brothers at Odds". The New York Times. New York. p. Sec. 6; Office two, p 100 col. one. ISSN 0362-4331. He returned a fervent anti-Communist who would later become a founding member of the John Birch Guild.
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External links [edit]

  • Koch brothers collected news and commentary at The Guardian Edit this at Wikidata
  • Inside the Koch Brothers' Toxic Empire. Rolling Rock. September 24, 2014.
  • Response to Rolling Rock article September 25, 2014.
  • Koch Industries Responds to Rolling Rock – And We Answer Back. Rolling Rock. September 29, 2014.
  • Is Charles Koch a closet liberal?

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_activities_of_the_Koch_brothers

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